References
A reference library covering the authoritative accounting and finance standards — US GAAP (FASB ASC), IFRS, COSO, PCAOB, AICPA, SEC, and the Internal Revenue Code. Each reference cites the standard, section, or authority at the paragraph level.
25 references. Each links to a working summary; the authoritative source is linked at the top of every reference page.
Workflow case studies
- Workflow4 min read
Accrual methodology audit
cleaning up unattended automation
Recurring journal-entry templates running unattended with drifted methodology — vendor accruals mis-routed, spreads applied inconsistently. Audited at the transaction level and rebuilt to one consistent rule.
- Workflow4 min read
Cash flow model rebuild
Cash flow model audit and rebuild — 996 formula errors and a material omission
An inherited six-entity consolidated cash flow model used for reporting — carrying 996 formula errors and a material omission. Audited formula-by-formula, corrected, and documented in a formal report.
- Workflow4 min read
Forensic trust recon
Forensic GL reconciliation — recovering a restricted trust account
A restricted sales-tax holding account quietly drawn down by intercompany cash transfers, traced at the transaction level. $142K owed back to the trust — isolated, documented, and cured with source-row traceability.
Framework references
- AICPA8 min read
AICPA
AICPA Standards — Auditing, Attestation, Compilation, Review, and Valuation
The professional standards governing engagements performed by AICPA members for non-public entities, including AU-C, SSARS, SSAE, and SSVS.
- COSO8 min read
COSO
Internal Control and Enterprise Risk Management Frameworks
The COSO 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework and COSO 2017 ERM Framework, the recognized control and risk frameworks for SOX 404 compliance and enterprise risk management.
- FASB7 min read
FASB ASC
FASB Accounting Standards Codification
The single source of authoritative US GAAP for non-governmental entities. Structure, hierarchy, and how to cite the Codification.
- IFRS8 min read
IFRS Foundation
IFRS Foundation and International Financial Reporting Standards
IFRS Standards issued by the IASB, the framework body governing financial reporting in 140+ jurisdictions outside the United States.
- IRS8 min read
IRS
Internal Revenue Code and Federal Tax Framework
The federal income tax framework — Internal Revenue Code, Treasury Regulations, IRS guidance hierarchy, and the financial accounting tax provision under ASC 740.
- PCAOB8 min read
PCAOB
PCAOB Auditing Standards
The auditing standards governing audits of public companies and other SEC registrants, issued by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
- SEC8 min read
SEC
SEC Reporting Regulations and Staff Guidance
The reporting framework governing SEC registrants — Regulation S-K, Regulation S-X, Staff Accounting Bulletins, and Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations.
Revenue, Leases, and Contracts
- GAAP10 min read
ASC 606
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The five-step model for revenue recognition under US GAAP, the principal/agent analysis, variable consideration, contract modifications, and required disclosures.
- GAAP10 min read
ASC 842
Leases
The right-of-use asset and lease liability recognition model for lessees, lease classification, lessor accounting, and the practical expedients available on transition and ongoing.
Business Combinations and Intangibles
- GAAP9 min read
ASC 350
Intangibles, Goodwill and Other
Initial recognition and subsequent accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets, including impairment testing and the private company accounting alternative for goodwill.
- GAAP10 min read
ASC 805
Business Combinations
The acquisition method, recognition and measurement of identifiable assets and liabilities, contingent consideration, the measurement period, and goodwill recognition.
Income Taxes
Financial Instruments and Fair Value
- GAAP8 min read
ASC 326
Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (CECL)
The current expected credit loss model for financial assets measured at amortized cost, available-for-sale debt securities, and off-balance-sheet credit exposures.
- GAAP9 min read
ASC 815
Derivatives and Hedging
Definition of a derivative, hedge accounting eligibility, the three hedge designations (fair value, cash flow, net investment), documentation requirements, and the simplifications under ASU 2017-12.
- GAAP8 min read
ASC 820
Fair Value Measurement
The fair value measurement framework, the three-level fair value hierarchy, valuation techniques, and the disclosure requirements that apply to all fair value measurements.
Compensation
Financial Statement Presentation and Disclosure
- GAAP7 min read
ASC 230
Statement of Cash Flows
Classification of cash flows as operating, investing, or financing; the direct vs. indirect method for operating cash flows; and the disclosure requirements for noncash transactions.
- GAAP7 min read
ASC 260
Earnings Per Share
Computation of basic and diluted earnings per share, including the treasury stock method, if-converted method, and the two-class method for participating securities.
- GAAP8 min read
ASC 280
Segment Reporting
The management approach to identifying operating and reportable segments, the quantitative thresholds, required disclosures, and the expanded segment expense disclosure under ASU 2023-07.
- GAAP7 min read
ASC 450
Contingencies
Recognition and disclosure of loss contingencies under the probable and reasonably estimable thresholds, gain contingencies, and the practical interaction with attorney letters in audit.
Inventory and Long-Lived Assets
- GAAP9 min read
ASC 330
Inventory
Inventory cost flow assumptions, the lower of cost and net realizable value test, capitalization of costs into inventory, and the reserves that drive material judgment in manufacturers.
- GAAP9 min read
ASC 360
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Capitalization, depreciation methods, impairment testing for long-lived assets to be held and used, classification as held for sale, and the disposal accounting framework.